What To Know
- The ideal time to plant alfalfa in Oklahoma is in the fall, typically from late August to early October.
- Use a no-till drill or cultipacker to plant the alfalfa seeds at a depth of about 1/4 to 1/2 inch.
- Use a sickle mower or mower-conditioner to cut the alfalfa at a height of 2 to 3 inches.
Alfalfa, a highly nutritious and versatile crop, has become a staple in Oklahoma’s agricultural landscape. Known for its exceptional protein content, this legume plays a vital role in supporting livestock production and maintaining soil health. If you’re an aspiring or experienced farmer in Oklahoma, mastering the art of alfalfa cultivation is essential. This comprehensive guide will provide you with all the knowledge and techniques you need to successfully grow alfalfa in the Sooner State.
Understanding Alfalfa’s Soil Requirements
Alfalfa thrives in well-drained soils with a pH range of 6.5 to 7.5. Heavy clay soils or those with poor drainage can hinder root development and plant growth. Before planting, perform a soil test to determine the pH and nutrient levels. If the soil is acidic, apply agricultural lime to raise the pH.
Optimal Planting Time and Seeding Rate
The ideal time to plant alfalfa in Oklahoma is in the fall, typically from late August to early October. This allows the plants to establish a strong root system before the harsh winter conditions. The recommended seeding rate is 20 to 25 pounds per acre.
Seedbed Preparation and Planting Techniques
Prepare the seedbed by disking the soil to a depth of 4 to 6 inches and removing any weeds or debris. Use a no-till drill or cultipacker to plant the alfalfa seeds at a depth of about 1/4 to 1/2 inch. Ensure good seed-to-soil contact by rolling the field after planting.
Fertilization and Irrigation
Alfalfa requires adequate fertilization to meet its high nutrient demands. Apply a balanced fertilizer, such as 10-10-10, at a rate of 200 to 300 pounds per acre after each harvest. Irrigation is not typically necessary unless there is prolonged drought. However, supplemental watering can enhance yields and plant health.
Weed and Pest Control
Weeds can compete with alfalfa for nutrients and water, reducing yields. Implement an effective weed control program using herbicides or mechanical cultivation. Common alfalfa pests include aphids, armyworms, and leafhoppers. Monitor your fields regularly and apply appropriate pesticides if necessary.
Harvesting and Storage
Alfalfa is typically harvested 3 to 4 times per year, starting when the plants reach the early bloom stage. Use a sickle mower or mower-conditioner to cut the alfalfa at a height of 2 to 3 inches. After cutting, allow the alfalfa to dry in the field for several days before baling or stacking it in windrows. Store the hay in a dry, well-ventilated area to prevent spoilage.
Common Alfalfa Varieties for Oklahoma
Several alfalfa varieties are well-suited to Oklahoma’s climate and soil conditions. These include:
- WL 357 HQ
- DK 36-60
- Armor 505HQ
- Pioneer 54A51
Tips for Successful Alfalfa Production
- Plant certified, disease-free seeds.
- Inoculate the seeds with nitrogen-fixing bacteria before planting.
- Maintain a soil pH of 6.5 to 7.5.
- Fertilize regularly to meet the crop’s nutrient needs.
- Control weeds and pests promptly.
- Harvest at the proper stage of maturity.
- Store hay properly to preserve its quality.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is the best time to plant alfalfa in Oklahoma?
A: The ideal planting time is in the fall, from late August to early October.
Q: How deep should I plant alfalfa seeds?
A: Plant the seeds at a depth of about 1/4 to 1/2 inch.
Q: What is the recommended seeding rate for alfalfa in Oklahoma?
A: The recommended seeding rate is 20 to 25 pounds per acre.
Q: How often should I fertilize alfalfa?
A: Apply a balanced fertilizer after each harvest at a rate of 200 to 300 pounds per acre.
Q: What are the common pests that affect alfalfa in Oklahoma?
A: Common pests include aphids, armyworms, and leafhoppers.
Q: How can I prevent alfalfa weevil infestation?
A: Plant resistant varieties, monitor fields regularly, and apply insecticides if necessary.
Q: What is the average yield of alfalfa in Oklahoma?
A: The average yield varies depending on factors such as soil conditions, climate, and management practices, but typically ranges from 3 to 6 tons per acre.
