What To Know
- Before planting, prepare the soil by digging a hole that is twice the width of the root ball and just as deep.
- Plum trees can be susceptible to a variety of pests and diseases, including aphids, scale, and plum pox virus.
- Yes, but it is important to choose a container that is large enough to accommodate the tree’s root system.
Growing plum plants can be a rewarding experience, offering you fresh, juicy plums to enjoy. Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or just starting out, this comprehensive guide will provide you with all the essential information you need to successfully cultivate plum plants.
Choosing the Right Plum Variety
The first step in growing plum plants is choosing the right variety. Consider factors such as your climate, soil type, and personal preferences. Some popular plum varieties include:
- Stanley: A dark blue plum with a sweet and juicy flavor.
- Santa Rosa: A large, bright red plum with a sweet and tart flavor.
- Shiro: A yellow plum with a sweet and mild flavor.
Site Selection and Soil Preparation
Plum plants prefer well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. They also require full sun to partial shade. Choose a site that receives at least six hours of sunlight per day.
Before planting, prepare the soil by digging a hole that is twice the width of the root ball and just as deep. Amend the soil with compost or manure to improve drainage and fertility.
Planting the Plum Tree
1. Dig a hole that is twice the width of the root ball and just as deep.
2. Remove the plum tree from its container and gently loosen the roots.
3. Place the tree in the hole and backfill with the amended soil.
4. Tamp down the soil around the tree to remove any air pockets.
5. Water the tree deeply and mulch around the base to retain moisture.
Watering and Fertilizing
Water plum trees regularly, especially during the hot summer months. Aim to provide about 1 inch of water per week.
Fertilize plum trees annually in the spring with a balanced fertilizer. Follow the instructions on the fertilizer packaging for the correct application rate.
Pruning and Training
Pruning plum trees helps to maintain their shape, encourage fruit production, and prevent disease. Prune in late winter or early spring before the tree breaks dormancy.
- Remove dead or diseased branches.
- Thin out crowded branches to allow for better air circulation.
- Shorten long branches to encourage fruit production.
- Train young trees to grow in a central leader or open center shape.
Pest and Disease Control
Plum trees can be susceptible to a variety of pests and diseases, including aphids, scale, and plum pox virus. Monitor your trees regularly for signs of infestation or disease.
- Aphids: Small, green insects that suck the sap from leaves. Control them with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Scale: Small, brown insects that attach themselves to branches and trunks. Control them with horticultural oil or insecticidal soap.
- Plum pox virus: A viral disease that causes leaves to become mottled and distorted. There is no cure for plum pox virus, so infected trees should be removed and destroyed.
Harvesting and Storing Plums
Plums ripen in the summer, typically from June to August. The fruit will be soft to the touch when ripe.
To harvest plums, gently twist them off the branch. Avoid pulling the fruit, as this can damage the tree.
Store plums in a cool, dry place. They will keep for several weeks in the refrigerator.
Troubleshooting Common Problems
Problem: Leaves are turning yellow and dropping prematurely.
Possible cause: Iron deficiency. Fertilize the tree with a fertilizer that contains iron.
Problem: Fruit is small and misshapen.
Possible cause: Lack of pollination. Ensure that there are other plum trees nearby to provide cross-pollination.
Problem: Tree is not producing fruit.
Possible cause: Over-pruning. Avoid pruning plum trees too severely, as this can reduce fruit production.
Questions You May Have
Q: Can I grow plum trees from seed?
A: Yes, but it is not recommended. Plum trees grown from seed will not necessarily produce fruit that is true to the parent tree.
Q: How long does it take for a plum tree to bear fruit?
A: Plum trees typically begin bearing fruit 3-5 years after planting.
Q: Can I grow plum trees in containers?
A: Yes, but it is important to choose a container that is large enough to accommodate the tree’s root system.
