What To Know
- Whether you’re a small-scale farmer or a home gardener, this comprehensive guide will lead you through the process step by step, ensuring a successful and efficient harvest.
- Throw the grains in the air on a windy day or use a fan to blow away the chaff and debris.
- Spread the sorghum grains on a tarp or a drying rack in a well-ventilated area.
Harvesting sorghum by hand is a rewarding task that can provide you with an abundance of nutritious and versatile grains. Whether you’re a small-scale farmer or a home gardener, this comprehensive guide will lead you through the process step by step, ensuring a successful and efficient harvest.
When to Harvest Sorghum
The ideal time to harvest sorghum depends on the variety and your desired use for the grains. Generally, sorghum is ready for harvest when:
- The grain heads have turned from green to a deep brown or reddish color.
- The grains have hardened and are no longer milky when pressed.
- The leaves have yellowed and started to dry up.
Materials You’ll Need
- Sharp knife or sickle
- Canvas bag or bucket
- Gloves (optional)
- Moisture meter (optional)
Safety Precautions
- Wear gloves to protect your hands from sharp leaves and stalks.
- Be aware of your surroundings and watch out for wildlife or obstacles.
- Avoid harvesting in extreme heat or humidity.
Step-by-Step Harvesting Process
1. Identify Mature Heads:
- Inspect the sorghum plants and locate the heads that have reached maturity. The grains should be hard and the heads should be fully developed.
2. Cut the Heads:
- Using a sharp knife or sickle, cut the mature heads off the stalks at the base.
- Hold the heads by the stalk and cut close to the head to minimize grain loss.
3. Gather the Heads:
- Place the cut heads in a canvas bag or bucket.
- Keep the heads upright to prevent grain spillage.
4. Remove the Grains:
- Once you have a sufficient number of heads, remove the grains by rubbing them gently between your hands or against a rough surface.
- The grains should easily separate from the heads.
5. Winnow the Grains:
- Throw the grains in the air on a windy day or use a fan to blow away the chaff and debris.
- The heavier grains will fall back down, while the lighter chaff will be carried away by the wind.
6. Clean the Grains:
- Use a sieve or a colander to remove any remaining chaff or debris from the grains.
- You can also use a moisture meter to check the moisture content of the grains. Aim for a moisture content between 12% and 15%.
7. Store the Grains:
- Store the cleaned sorghum grains in airtight containers or bags in a cool, dry place.
- Proper storage will prevent spoilage and preserve the quality of the grains.
Using a Scythe for Harvesting
If you have a large area of sorghum to harvest, using a scythe can be a more efficient option.
- Sharpen the blade of the scythe before use.
- Hold the scythe with both hands and swing it in a smooth, arc-like motion.
- Cut the sorghum stalks at the base, close to the ground.
- Gather the cut stalks into bundles and transport them to a central location for threshing.
Threshing Sorghum by Hand
Threshing separates the grains from the stalks and heads.
- Spread the sorghum stalks on a flat surface.
- Use a flail or a heavy stick to beat the stalks, breaking them down and releasing the grains.
- Winnow the grains to remove the chaff and debris.
Drying and Storing Sorghum
- Spread the sorghum grains on a tarp or a drying rack in a well-ventilated area.
- Turn the grains regularly to ensure even drying.
- Once the grains are dry, store them in airtight containers or bags in a cool, dry place.
Wrapping Up: A Bountiful Harvest
Harvesting sorghum by hand is a rewarding experience that yields a nutritious and versatile crop. By following these steps, you can ensure a successful harvest and enjoy the fruits of your labor. Remember to store your sorghum grains properly to preserve their quality and enjoy their benefits for months to come.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1. What is the difference between grain sorghum and sweet sorghum?
A1. Grain sorghum is grown primarily for its edible grains, while sweet sorghum is grown for its sweet stalks, which can be used to make syrup and ethanol.
Q2. Can I harvest sorghum before it is fully mature?
A2. Harvesting sorghum before it is fully mature will result in lower yields and less developed grains. It’s best to wait until the grains have hardened and the heads have turned brown.
Q3. How long can I store sorghum grains?
A3. Properly stored sorghum grains can last for up to two years. Store them in airtight containers or bags in a cool, dry place to prevent spoilage.
