What To Know
- Till or disk the soil to a depth of 6-8 inches to loosen it and remove any weeds.
- With its high protein content, nitrogen-fixing ability, and adaptability to various soil conditions, alfalfa is a valuable addition to any pasture system.
- Planting alfalfa in the summer is not recommended as it may not establish well due to high temperatures and drought stress.
Alfalfa, a highly nutritious and versatile legume, is an exceptional choice for pasture systems. Its deep root system, ability to fix nitrogen, and high protein content make it an ideal forage for livestock. If you’re considering incorporating alfalfa into your pasture, this comprehensive guide will provide you with the essential knowledge and step-by-step instructions to ensure successful establishment.
1. Site Selection and Soil Preparation
Site Selection:
- Choose well-drained soils with a pH between 6.5 and 7.5.
- Avoid areas with poor drainage or excessive shade.
Soil Preparation:
- Test the soil to determine nutrient levels and pH.
- Amend the soil as needed to achieve the desired pH and nutrient balance.
- Till or disk the soil to a depth of 6-8 inches to loosen it and remove any weeds.
2. Seed Selection and Inoculation
Seed Selection:
- Choose a variety of alfalfa that is adapted to your climate and soil conditions.
- Consider factors such as disease resistance, yield potential, and winter hardiness.
Inoculation:
- Alfalfa requires specific bacteria to fix nitrogen from the air.
- Inoculate the seed with the appropriate bacteria before planting to ensure proper nodulation.
3. Planting Time and Method
Planting Time:
- Plant alfalfa in the spring or fall when soil temperatures are between 50-70°F.
Planting Method:
- Broadcast the seed evenly over the prepared soil at a rate of 20-30 lbs per acre.
- Use a cultipacker or roller to press the seed into the soil.
- Cover the seed with a thin layer of soil or mulch to retain moisture and prevent erosion.
4. Weed Control
Pre-Emergence Weed Control:
- Apply a pre-emergence herbicide to control weeds before they emerge.
- Follow the herbicide label instructions carefully.
Post-Emergence Weed Control:
- Monitor the pasture for weeds and spot-treat as needed.
- Use herbicides that are safe for alfalfa and livestock.
5. Fertilization
Nitrogen Fertilization:
- Alfalfa does not typically require additional nitrogen fertilization due to its nitrogen-fixing ability.
Other Nutrients:
- Apply phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur as needed based on soil test results.
6. Irrigation
Irrigation Needs:
- Alfalfa has moderate water requirements.
- Irrigate during prolonged dry spells to maintain optimal growth.
Irrigation Method:
- Use a sprinkler or flood irrigation system to distribute water evenly.
7. Grazing Management
Grazing Timing:
- Allow the alfalfa plants to establish for at least 6-8 weeks before grazing.
- Begin grazing when the plants are 8-10 inches tall.
Grazing Intensity:
- Practice rotational grazing to prevent overgrazing and allow the plants to recover.
- Remove livestock when the alfalfa plants are grazed down to 4-6 inches.
Harvesting and Haymaking
Harvesting Time:
- Harvest alfalfa when it is in the early bloom stage.
- This ensures high protein content and palatability.
Haymaking:
- Cut the alfalfa, allow it to wilt, and then bale it when the moisture content is between 15-20%.
- Store the hay in a dry and well-ventilated area.
Conclusion: Reap the Rewards of a Thriving Alfalfa Pasture
By following these steps, you can establish a productive and nutritious alfalfa pasture that will benefit your livestock for years to come. With its high protein content, nitrogen-fixing ability, and adaptability to various soil conditions, alfalfa is a valuable addition to any pasture system.
FAQ
1. How long does it take for alfalfa to establish in a pasture?
Alfalfa takes about 6-8 weeks to establish and should not be grazed until the plants are 8-10 inches tall.
2. Can I plant alfalfa in the summer?
Planting alfalfa in the summer is not recommended as it may not establish well due to high temperatures and drought stress.
3. How often should I fertilize my alfalfa pasture?
Alfalfa typically does not require additional nitrogen fertilization, but other nutrients should be applied as needed based on soil test results.
4. Can I graze alfalfa with horses?
Yes, alfalfa is a safe and nutritious forage for horses. However, it should be introduced gradually to avoid digestive issues.
5. How do I prevent bloat when grazing alfalfa?
Graze alfalfa in combination with other forages, avoid grazing when the plants are wet, and introduce livestock to alfalfa gradually.
