What To Know
- Performed during the winter when the vines are dormant, it removes old canes and shapes the vine for the upcoming season.
- The length of the fruiting canes depends on the grape variety and the training system used.
- Pruning grapes in British Columbia is a rewarding task that can greatly improve the quality and yield of your grapes.
Pruning grapes in British Columbia is a crucial task for any grape grower. Proper pruning techniques can improve grape quality, increase yields, and ensure the long-term health of your vines. This comprehensive guide will provide you with a step-by-step approach to pruning grapes in BC, ensuring that your vines thrive and produce bountiful harvests.
Understanding Grapevine Growth
Before you begin pruning, it’s essential to understand the growth patterns of grapevines. Grapevines grow on canes, which are one-year-old stems that develop from the main trunk. Canes produce lateral shoots, which are new shoots that grow from the canes. Fruit is borne on the current season‘s lateral shoots.
Types of Pruning
There are two main types of pruning for grapes:
- Dormant Pruning: Performed during the winter when the vines are dormant, it removes old canes and shapes the vine for the upcoming season.
- Summer Pruning: Carried out during the growing season, it involves removing excess shoots and leaves to improve air circulation and promote fruit development.
Step-by-Step Dormant Pruning
1. Remove Old Canes
Start by removing any canes that are three years old or older. These canes are less productive and can crowd the vine.
2. Select Fruiting Canes
Choose two to four healthy canes that are well-spaced and have good bud development. These canes will become the fruiting canes for the upcoming season.
3. Prune Canes to Desired Length
The length of the fruiting canes depends on the grape variety and the training system used. As a general rule, canes should be pruned to three to five buds.
4. Remove Lateral Shoots
Remove all lateral shoots that grew on the fruiting canes during the previous season. These shoots will not produce fruit and can compete with the fruiting shoots.
5. Tie Canes to Trellis
Secure the fruiting canes to the trellis system to provide support and prevent damage.
Summer Pruning
1. Remove Excess Shoots
During the growing season, remove any excess shoots that are not needed for fruit production. These shoots can compete with the fruiting shoots for water and nutrients.
2. Thin Leaves
Thinning leaves around the fruit clusters can improve air circulation and reduce the risk of diseases. Remove leaves that are shading the clusters or are in poor condition.
3. Remove Suckers
Suckers are shoots that grow from the base of the vine or from the main trunk. Remove suckers as they appear to prevent them from competing with the fruiting shoots.
Special Considerations for British Columbia
1. Climate
The climate in British Columbia can vary significantly from region to region. Adjust your pruning practices based on your local climate and the grape variety you are growing.
2. Winter Hardiness
Choose grape varieties that are winter hardy for your region to prevent damage during cold winters.
3. Disease Prevention
Proper pruning can help prevent diseases by improving air circulation and reducing humidity around the vines.
Tips for Successful Pruning
- Use sharp, clean pruning shears to prevent damage to the vines.
- Make clean, angled cuts to promote healing.
- Remove all prunings from the vineyard to prevent disease and pests.
- Disinfect your pruning shears regularly to prevent the spread of diseases.
Final Thoughts
Pruning grapes in British Columbia is a rewarding task that can greatly improve the quality and yield of your grapes. By following these step-by-step instructions and considering the special considerations for BC’s climate, you can ensure that your vines thrive and produce abundant harvests for years to come.
Answers to Your Questions
1. When is the best time to prune grapes in BC?
The best time to prune grapes in British Columbia is during the dormant season, typically from late fall to early spring.
2. How often should I prune my grapevines?
Grapevines should be pruned annually, both during the dormant season and during the growing season.
3. What is the purpose of summer pruning?
Summer pruning helps improve air circulation, reduce disease risk, and promote fruit development.
